YouTube and Creative Commons

So, this blog has been dormant for some time.  I've been swamped, but it's time to get back to business.  Here's a short post just to make sure not to let this development go unmentioned by me.  YouTube has embedded the ability for users to license their videos under the CC Attribution Only license (a.k.a. CC BY)! Details here. Already a repository of more than 10,000 videos under this license are available.

From the day Creative Commons launched, we've sought to work with companies that provide content platforms to embed CC licensing as a choice for creators who want a different deal than the one that all-rights-reserved copyright law offers.  It's been a long time coming, and I'm personally grateful to the staff at CC and at Google for making this happen.

The CC By license allows others to translate, mash-up, or otherwise adapt these videos as long as credit is given as directed by the copyright owner.  I hope that the creative folks out there make use of the freedom that the CC license offers.  Stay tuned . . . .

Benjamin Kaplan - R.I.P.

I've been away from the blogosphere for far too long and plan to reenter in the coming month or so. A lot is going on with open access, open education, Creative Commons, and at American University Washington College of Law.

But for now, I have to pay my respects to Benjamin Kaplan, who sadly has passed. A pioneer in the field of copyright law, Professor Kaplan also set the gold standard for authorial elegance in An Unhurried View of Copyright.

His impact on the field will be felt for generations to come.

Rest in peace.

IP/Gender - April 16, 2010

Seventh Annual Symposium, April 16, 2010

American University Washington College of Law
4801 Massachusetts Ave, NW
Washington, DC 20016

Sponsored by American University Washington College of Law’s

• Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property
• Women and the Law Program
• Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

In collaboration with Dan Burk, Chancellor’s Professor of Law, U.C. Irvine

Over the past seven years, the IP/Gender symposium has provided a forum to examine and discuss research on gendered dimensions of intellectual property law. Because issues of gender in intellectual property have been under-appreciated and remain under-theorized, much of this work has been exploratory and pioneering. Topics discussed in past years have ranged from the impact of intellectual property law and policy on gender-related imbalances in wealth, cultural access, political power, and social control; creative production and gender; the effects of stereotyping and of actual and rhetorical feminization and masculinization of participant roles upon intellectual property stakeholders; the gendered development of IP doctrines and doctrinal categories; related issues in the teaching and practicing of intellectual property; feminist jurisprudential insights about intellectual property law; and female fan cultures and intellectual property. The Spring 2010 symposium on Gender and Invention will be highly interdisciplinary, including historians, social scientists, legal academics, cultural scholars, and practicing lawyers.

Call for Papers - International IP Enforcement

On June 16-17, 2010, American University Washington College of Law’s Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property will host a workshop of scholars and advocates to assess the potential public interest impacts of the shift of international intellectual property norm setting to an enforcement agenda. This workshop will be followed by the launch of a working paper series on Public Interest Analysis of the International Intellectual Property Enforcement Agenda.

The enforcement agenda includes the proposals for an Anticounterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) at its center, but also includes other manifestations including the expansion of enforcement provisions in free trade agreements, seizures of drugs in Europe, broad “anticounterfeiting” national laws and bills such as that passed in Kenya and being considered in other African countries, pressure on countries through Special 301 and GSP benefit determinations, foreign aid and technical assistance directives, and other means.

PIJIP seeks to promote the creation of short (8-12 page) plain language policy papers analyzing possible public interest impacts of elements of the enforcement agenda. The project is particularly interested in analysis of leaked text of major proposals for ACTA. For copies of the text of ACTA proposals, and other resources on elements of the enforcement agenda, see the project’s collaborative website: https://sites.google.com/site/iipenforcement/

Specific questions of interest to the project are detailed below and in the attached description of research questions generated at a previous workshop on this issue (also available at the iipenforcement site). However, proposals on any aspect of the public interest impact of the enforcement agenda will be entertained.

Academics and policy advocates are invited to submit an abstract of a proposed paper on this topic for presentation at the workshop. Accepted papers for the workshop will receive travel assistance to attend the workshop in Washington D.C. Completed papers will be eligible for publication in the PIJIP Working Paper Series. A Prize of $1,000 will be granted for the top five completed papers presented at the workshop and submitted for publication in the Working Paper series.

PIJIP is particularly interested in examinations of the following issues:

• Section by section analysis of the how adoption of major ACTA proposals would alter the law of a given country (either a current ACTA negotiating country or a country not yet in ACTA negotiations).
• Analysis of the impact of ACTA’s proposed institutional mechanisms on the current international institutional structure for intellectual property matters (including, e.g. WIPO and WTO) and how such alterations will impact public interests;
• Analysis of the potential impact of ACTA proposals or other elements of the enforcement agenda on specific public interest concerns, including
o access to knowledge imbedded goods and services,
o libraries,
o fair use,
o media literacy,
o public media,
o developing countries (including if ACTA were globalized).
• Analysis of the legality of elements of the enforcement agenda under international or domestic law, including, e.g.: Does the US Special 301 watch list program violate the WTO’s international dispute resolution mechanism? Do elements of the enforcement agenda violate international human rights obligations?

Papers will be expected to be 8-12 pages in length and written in general policy paper (ie “white paper”) language geared toward policy advocates, government officials and other interested parties, but not an exclusively legal audience.

Submission of abstracts should be made to pijip@wcl.american.edu by April 15, 2010. Draft papers for presentation at the workshop will be due by June 1, 2010. Completed papers for publication in the Working Paper Series will be due by July 30, 2010.

Questions can be sent to addressed to Sean Flynn, Associate Director, PIJIP, at pijip@wcl.american.edu

Upcoming Conference in Miami

I haven't blogged in a while, but this one is time sensitive.

The Washington College of Law is holding the Conference Practicing Law in an Interconnected World: Exploring Trends and Opening Dialogue in Miami on April 8 - 10, 2010.

The Conference will bring together law practitioners from the U.S. and around the world to discuss relevant legal issues in areas such as environmental law, crisis management and media, international trade, arbitration, among others.

The Honorable Tomas Regalado, Mayor of Miami, Ricardo Ramirez, Member of the WTO Appellate Body, Welber Barral, Secretary of Foreign Trade of Brazil and renowned litigator Richard Lydecker are among the speakers.

Registration information is available at www.wcl.american.edu/events/miami2010

Lecture at Bucerius Law School

I will be giving a lecture on copyright law and Creative Commons tomorrow (Friday, December 11, 2009) at the Bucerius Law School in Hamburg, Germany. Dean Niva Elkin-Koren from the University of Haifa in Israel will also speak. Should be great fun!

White House - Open Access - Request for Information

Publicly funded research outputs should be freely accessible by the public absent compelling reasons to withhold access. That's a simple, perhaps obvious, principle that is slowly gaining ground in the digital environment. The NIH Public Access Policy makes important strides in the right direction, although the delay in public access is too long.

Now, in an important development, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has launched a public consultation on the question of whether the executive branch should adopt a more general public access policy for all federally-funded research outputs.

The window for comments is not open for long, so please take a moment to let the White House know that public deserves access to the research it funds absent compelling reasons to keep such research secret.

Please help me support Creative Commons

Gentle reader,

'Tis the season to ask for support for Creative Commons, and this year I have to make it personal. I have my own fundraising page, and anything you can give to help out would be most appreciated.

As many of you know, I have served on the Board of this organization since its founding in 2002. My primary motivation throughout these years has been to find ways to make it easy and understandable to legally share knowledge, creativity, and discovery. I’m a lawyer and my way of contributing to this effort is to help the organization craft standardized legal licenses and technical tools designed for these purposes. I hope that’s a goal you will support as well.

The organization is staffed by energetic, devoted folks who embrace the mission today with as much passion as when we launched. That’s a hard thing for most non-profit organizations to say, and it speaks to the power of the fundamental idea that we can accomplish more by working together to build a shared culture than by working apart. Just this year, a number of CC’s initiatives have produced these results:

• Wikipedia Officially Converts to CC BY-SA
• Google and Yahoo integrate CC licensing
• Ridley Scott to Use CC BY-SA for Blade Runner Web Series
• Open Data and More -- Getting Copyright Out of the Way With CC Zero
• CC and the Public Sector
• Creative Commons to Produce Open Patent Licenses – Nike, Best Buy, Yahoo!, and others to use
• Marking and Finding Open Educational Resources

Follow the links for more details, and don't forget to make a donation on your way out!

Patent Lecture - Dreyfuss talk now posted

I'm pleased to announce that the video of Professor Rochelle C. Dreyfuss's delivery of the Fifth Annual Finnegan Distinguished Lecture on Intellectual Property at American University, Washington College of Law is now available here. The lecture is "What the Federal Circuit Can Learn from the Supreme Court -- and Vice Versa."

In her talk, Professor Dreyfuss first reviewed the history of the Federal Circuit's creation, and then analyzed why the Supreme Court has taken such increased interest in reviewing Federal Circuit decisions on substantive matters of patent law in recent years. She drew attention to the difficulties of the expert Federal Circuit, sitting between generalist trial courts and a generalist Supreme Court. You'll have to watch the video to hear her specific recommendations for both the Federal Circuit and the Supreme Court. Also, be sure not to miss the lively question and answer period that followed, which closes with an eloquent comment by Federal Circuit Judge Pauline Newman.

An edited transcript of the lecture will be published later this year in the American University Law Review's annual review of Federal Circuit decisions.

Patent Law Lecture at American

What the Federal Circuit Can Learn from the Supreme Court -- and Vice Versa

Please join us for the Fifth Annual Finnegan Distinguished Lecture on Intellectual Property on October 20, 2009 at 6:00 p.m. EDT. This year's lecture will be delivered by Professor Rochelle C. Dreyfuss, Pauline Newman Professor of Law at New York University Law School.

Abstract:

For over a quarter century, the Federal Circuit has been in the business of using its special expertise to revise key aspects of both procedural and substantive patent law. In the court’s early years, the Supreme Court largely refrained from reviewing its jurisprudence. However, in the last decade, the two tribunals have engaged in a vibrant dialogue. In this presentation, Professor Dreyfuss will examine their interaction, asking questions about the role that specialists should be permitted to play in tailoring law to the needs of technologically complex and emerging industries, and the extent to which generalists can helpfully intervene to keep this law in the mainstream and attuned to other social values and related developments, such as open innovation.

When: October 20, 2009, 5:00 p.m. Reception | 6:00 p.m. Lecture
Where: Washington College of Law
4801 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Room 603
Registration: http://www.wcl.american.edu/secle/register
or call 202-274-4445
Webcast: Live and On Demand: http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/webcast.cfm

The "How To" Web - El Cocinero Fiel

Whenever Internet theorists want an example of how the Internet changes the world and makes possible things we never could have had before, Exhibit A is almost always Wikipedia. Now, I also think Wikipedia as a social phenomenon and as an information resource is pretty incredible. But, often I think this talk drifts into a kind of Wikipedia-exceptionalism. Even when one sweeps in free software as another form of peer production, I think the discussion about building an "it" misses what I think is the more fundamental human urge to teach one another.

It is a strong impulse learned in the nuclear family to teach others so that they may grow. In my view, it is this impulse that leads folks to contribute to Wikipedia, to essentially provide free software support or customer service to producers through user forums, and to share practical tips and knowledge through all manner of blogs. Taken together, all of this advice and sharing of practical knowledge forms the "How To" web.

(Of course, sometime this exercise comes off the web. At Campus Party 2009, Patricio Lorente of the Wikimedia Foundation taught a group of astronomers f2f at Campus Party 2009 how to create a Wikipedia entry.)

A case in point is the growth of video blogs or posts to YouTube that provide all manner of instructional video. While in Columbia, I had the good fortune to get to know Txaber Allue Marti, otherwise known in the Spanish-speaking world as El Cocinero Fiel (the funky cook). Living in Spain, but increasingly engaged in gastronomic tourism, Txaber's video blog is essentially an interactive cooking show hosted on YouTube. An important part of his success is that he interacts with his audience through the comment feature. He also posts his blog under a Creative Commons license.

Having been an occasional viewer of television cooking shows, I find Txaber's videos refreshingly direct and fun. In part, he makes the food the star of the videos, not the cook.

Below is Txaber, Carolina Botero (Creative Commons Colombia), and Patricio.

Bogota - Campus Party 2009

On July 11, I gave a keynote on Creative Commons and the principle of copyright neutrality at Campus Party 2009. Many thanks to Carolina Botero of Creative Commons Columbia and the folks at CampusBlog for the invitation. Pictured at the right are Carolina and Jaime Rojas, two of the four founders of CC Columbia.

Below is a scene from Campus Party.

Guangzhou - International Workshop on Copyright Industries

On June 15, I participated in the 2009 International Workshop on Copyright Industries and Intellectual Property, hosted by the South China University of Technology in Guangzhou. This invitation also was through the good offices of Peter Yu and the faculty at SCUT. My talk was on the role of intellectual property licensing in copyright industries, and the interrelation between private licenses and public licenses, such as the GNU General Public License or Creative Commons licenses.

Our hosts were very generousm and we were very well fed! I particularly enjoyed the river tour of the city.

Hong Kong - Age of Digital Convergence Conference

On June 12-13, I participated in the Age of Digital Convergence conference organized by Peter Yu in conjunction with, and hosted by, Hong Kong University. My talk was on "Copyright and the Role of Machines in Cultural Production." I briefly look at issues concerning the roles of machines as reading tools and authoring tools. Machines as readers has greater impact on copyright practices than on the interpretation of copyright law as such.

As a matter of practice, copyright owners are, or should be, increasingly aware of machines as the immediate audience for their works. These machines may be acting as discoverers, filters, organizers, translators, etc. Machines need rules to perform these functions, and digital works need to be marked up or formatted consistently with the rules used by these machines. In the open access context, the big lost opportunity is that most scholarship is not being published in a manner that enables machines readers to fully assist researchers.


Machines as authoring tools raise a host of interesting legal questions. I use the case of David Cope as an example. His Experiments in Musical Intelligence software composes music in the style of famous classical composers. WNYC has a nice interview with him, in which he explains how EMI works and the kinds of reactions he receives when audiences who find themselves emotionally moved by live performance of the composition learn that it is the produce of Cope's algorithm.



According to Cope:

Ultimately, the computer is just a tool with which we extend our minds. The music our algorithms compose are (sic) as much ours as the music created by the greatest of our personal human inspirations.

Well, "ours" in what sense? As a matter of copyright law, it is not at all clear that Cope is the legal author of the music that results from the operation of his software. There are four choices concerning copyright ownership of the outputs of an authoring tool:

(1) designer of tool
(2) user of tool
(3) joint ownership between designer and user
(4) no ownership

Tool designers can influence the outcome by running multiple permutations and fixing these in a tangible medium (digital storage).

Playing for Change

I just bought the Playing for Change CD/DVD. What a joy! While the Stand By Me video has received a lot of attention, the other songs and videos are as inspiring.

Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA) - Reintroduced

Senators Lieberman and Cornyn have reintroduced the Federal Research Public Access Act (S. 1373), which would require agencies with large research budgets to develop public access plans to make the peer reviewed journal articles reporting the results of research funded by these agencies publicly accessible over the Internet. In essence, this bill would take a large step toward generalizing the principle established by the NIH Public Access Policy. This is great news. For more information about what you can do to support the bill, see the Alliance for Taxpayer Access page.

Josh Sarnoff's New Blog - Inherently Sarnoff

Congratulations to Josh Sarnoff, who joins the blogosphere with his new blog - Inherently Sarnoff. Josh is my colleague at the Washington College of Law, and he has interesting thoughts and perspectives to contribute to the online dialog about patent law and related matters. For those unfamiliar with patent law, the title of his blog refers to the doctrine of inherency under which a claimed invention can be found to fail the test of novelty because the invention, or one of its elements, is inherent in the prior art. Welcome Josh!

Professional Move - Au Revoir Villanova

My professional move from the Villanova School of Law to the American University, Washington College of Law became effective on June 1, 2009. I wanted to take a moment to express my gratitude to the Villanova community for having given me the opportunity to live and to work as a member. I had the opportunity to teach a wide range of interesting and interested students, some of whom are kind enough to subscribe to this blog :-)

I leave behind many friends on a great faculty. My faculty colleagues and Dean Sargent supported my scholarly activities with enthusiasm and were always generous with their time and attention when questions about teaching or other aspects of life in a law school arose.

The Villanova Law School has a distinctive, collegial culture, which I expect will thrive when it gets transplanted into a new building, this summer. Congratulations to all those who made the new building a reality!

When a professor moves to a new school, it is not a sharp transition because the professor remains colleagues with his former faculty members in the larger communities of legal education, higher education, and the legal profession. So this is not goodbye; simply au revoir.

Stuart Shieber's New Blog - Occasional Pamphlet

Stuart Shieber, Professor and Director of the Office of Scholarly Communication at Harvard,has started an open access blog, The Occasional Pamphlet. Stuart was responsible for shepherding the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences Open Access policy through the process. Stuart cares deeply about getting the architecture right for digital scholarly communication, and he has a number of creative ideas about how to move to a more open and productive environment for scholarly communication. Welcome Stuart!

Lessig on Helprin

There's a cottage industry of naysayers who seek attention by deriding all things Internet. A member of this crew, Mark Helprin, has put together a collection of pages bound together under the title Digital Barbarism which was printed by Harper Collins. I say printed rather than published because the book could not have passed through any meaningful peer review or editorial process. It appears that at least in this case, Harper has decided that its future is as a vanity press.

In the book, Helprin presents a largely fictional account of copyright law and takes some pot shots at Creative Commons along the way. If you happen to come across someone who has been taken in by Helprin's account, please refer them to Larry Lessig's meticulous refutation of Helprin.